biology

Quantifying mechanical forces during vertebrate morphogenesis

Fig. 1 from : Eirini Maniou et al. 2024 “Quantifying mechanical forces during vertebrate morphogenesis”: The i3D bioprinting with accurately determined position, geometry and stiffness. a, Schematic of a chicken embryo illustrating the experimental workflow: 2–3 µl i3D polymer is pipetted directly onto the rhombocervical neuropore (RNP) and photo-crosslinked with a two-photon laser. The iMeSH structures are shown in green throughout. b, Stereoscope image of an embryo with a star shape photo- crosslinked on the flat neural plate. Scale bars, 200 µm. The star dimensions are indicated in the inset. c, Schematic showing iMeSH compression by apposition of the neural folds. d, Time-lapse images showing the sequential displacement of a rigid iMeSH shape, shown as a 3D confocal reconstruction superimposed on the embryo imaged with transmitted light. Cyan shading, open neural tube; *, zippering point; arrow indicates rotation of the printed shape; scale bar, 50 µm. The times are shown. e, Fire lookup table showing the autofluorescence of iMeSH photo-crosslinked with the indicated laser powers on the same embryo. Scale bar, 25 µm. f, Schematic illustration of AFM stiffness testing of an iMeSH shape; 3D reconstructions of the shape are shown superimposed on a dorsal and transverse schematic of the embryo. Scale bar, 100 µm. g, AFM quantification of iMeSH crosslinked on an embryo at the indicated laser powers. The values were calculated from AFM indentations performed at a rate of 0.5 μm s–1 and depths of 1 μm (30% 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (HCC) polyethylene glycol (PEG)) or 2 μm (15% PEG). The force–displacement curves were acquired using NANOSENSORS™ PointProbe® Plus PPP-CONTSCR silicon AFM probes with a typical spring constant of 0.2 N/m.

Morphogenesis requires embryonic cells to generate forces and perform mechanical work to shape their tissues. Incorrect functioning of these force fields can lead to congenital… Read More »Quantifying mechanical forces during vertebrate morphogenesis

Mitochondrial-derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase

by NANOSENSORS
15 March 202415 March 2024
Science & Technology

Figure 2 B from Reut Hazan et al. 2023 “Mitochondrial‐derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase”: Characterization of MDVs from wild‐type mitochondria B. Atomic force microscopy. Representative AFM image and a 3D AFM image of one representative vesicle (WT), adsorbed on a mica modified with Mg2+ and imaged under PBS. Please refer to the full article cited below to view the full figure. NANOSENSORSTM uniqprobeTM qp-BioAC-CI AFM probes with rounded AFM tips designed for cell imaging were used for the characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in QI mode.

Vesicular transport is a means of communication. * While cells can communicate with each other via secretion of extracellular vesicles, less is known regarding organelle‐to… Read More »Mitochondrial-derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase

Celebrating 10 years NANOSENSORS Uniqprobe uniform quality AFM probes

NANOSENSORS uniqprobe AFM cantilever with partial coating

10 years ago at MRS Fall 2013 NANOSENSORS introduced the first types of the Uniqprobe – uniform quality SPM probes series. During these 10 years… Read More »Celebrating 10 years NANOSENSORS Uniqprobe uniform quality AFM probes

Single Electrochemical Impacts of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Bacteria for Living Cells Adsorption onto a Polarized Ultramicroelectrode Surface

Figure 5 from “Single Electrochemical Impacts of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Bacteria for Living Cells Adsorption onto a Polarized Ultramicroelectrode Surface” by Hassiba Smida et al. AFM images recorded in water of (A and C) CF and (B and D) Pt UME surfaces (A and B) before and (C and D) after a chronoamperometry measurement at +0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl in 2 mL of 20 mM K4Fe(CN)6 0.1 M PBS at pH 7.4 as aqueous solution under inert atmosphere (N2) in the presence of 109 cells of living SOMR1 bacteria sample. The circle in white dashed line is added for showing the UME disk on the AFM images. NANOSENSORS uniqprobe qp-SCONT AFM probes were used.

In the past few years, several novel analytical methods with high sensitivity and spatial-temporal resolution that enable qualitative and quantitative analysis at single-cell and subcellular… Read More »Single Electrochemical Impacts of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Bacteria for Living Cells Adsorption onto a Polarized Ultramicroelectrode Surface

Male-female communication enhances release of extracellular vesicles leading to high fertility in Drosophila

by NANOSENSORS
28 October 202215 March 2023
Science & Technology

Fig. 5 from “Male-female communication enhances release of extracellular vesicles leading to high fertility in Drosophila” by Javier Arturo Sanchez-Lopez et al.: The spermatheca releases EVs with specific characteristics. a–e The spermathecae (SSC > CD63-GFP) were cultured ex vivo to characterize the particles that were released to the spent media: a size distribution of CD63-GFP-positive particles (n = 25 spermathecae from 15 flies) using single-particle tracking of the Nanoimager. b Characterization of CD63-GFP particles by ExoView (100 spermathecae from 50-60 flies) using anti-GFP or anti-CD63. c Representative dSTORM image of EVs found in the spent media of SSC expressing CD63-GFP (n = 25 spermathecae from 15 flies), stained with AlexaFluor555 conjugated anti-CD63 primary antibody. The image shows CD63-GFP-positive EVs and single CD63 AlexaFluor555 molecules the EV’s surface. Scale bars = 1 µm and insets = 20 nm. d–e The morphology of EVs in the spent media was observed by e negative staining in STEM; scale bar = 200 nm; and by d Cryo-TEM; Scale bar = 100 nm (see also Supplementary Fig. 5a-c). f–i The spent media of ex vivo cultured spermathecae were analyzed for the presence of EVs: f Representative AFM scans of SSC-EVs isolated by acoustic sorting (n = 100 spermathecae from 70 flies), showing from left to right: height (nm), adhesion (pN) and Young’s modulus images (MPa). Scale bars = 100 nm (see Supplementary Fig. 5d–g). g–i Single-particle tracking in the nanoimager. g CellMaskTM-positive particle size distribution and concentration profiles of EVs in the spent media of spermathecae incubated in media alone (No ecdy) or with ecdysone (Ecdy) (see also Supplementary Movie 5 for a time lapse of spermathecae end apparatus and endosomal activity post-ecdysone stimulation and methods, ex vivo spermatheca culture section); media with only CellMaskTM stain served as a control for the formation of dye aggregates. h Particle concentration and i mean particle diameter (nm) from g; Box plots are the measurements of particles from four frames of spent media from 25 spermathecae; boxes represent maximum, median and minimum values with outliers; one-way ANOVA, with nonparametric Wilcoxon multiple comparison post-hoc test; *p

The female reproductive tract (female-RT) must decipher the repertoire of molecular cues received from the male during copulation in order to activate and coordinate tract… Read More »Male-female communication enhances release of extracellular vesicles leading to high fertility in Drosophila

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate TGEV Individual Virions Structure Survival under Harsh Physicochemical Environments

by NANOSENSORS
14 September 202215 March 2023
Science & Technology, Uncategorized

Figure 3 from “Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate TGEV Individual Virions Structure Survival under Harsh Physicochemical Environments” by Miguel Cantero et al.: Treatment of TGEV with IGEPAL 0.2% (A). Topographical images before (left) and after (right) IGEPAL treatment (B). Profiles traced over the particles before (black) and after (blue) the treatment. The time interval between images was ~30 s (C). Height distribution of TGEV particles before (black) and after (blue) treatment (n = 103). Counts taken from the distribution curve were normalized for comparison. The peak shifts from the value of the intact particle height to the height of the cores. NANOSENSORS uniqprobe qp-BioAC AFM probes were used for the atomic force microscopy measurements.

Successful airborne transmission of coronaviruses through fluid microdroplets requires a virion structure that must withstand harsh natural conditions. * Because of the strict biosafety requirements… Read More »Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate TGEV Individual Virions Structure Survival under Harsh Physicochemical Environments

Elastic shell theory for plant cell wall stiffness reveals contributions of cell wall elasticity and turgor pressure in AFM measurement

by NANOSENSORS
4 August 202215 March 2023
Science & Technology

Fig-3-S-Tsugawa-et-al-2022-Elastic-shell-theory-for-plant-cell-wall-stiffness-reveals-contributions-of-cell-wall-elasticity-and-turgor-pressure-in-AFM-measurement NANOSENSORS Sphere-AFM probes SD-Sphere-NCH-S from the NANOSENSORS™ Special Developments List were used for the force-indentation curve measurements with atomic force microscopy

The stiffness of a plant cell in response to an applied force is determined not only by the elasticity of the cell wall but also… Read More »Elastic shell theory for plant cell wall stiffness reveals contributions of cell wall elasticity and turgor pressure in AFM measurement

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