biopolymers

Quantifying mechanical forces during vertebrate morphogenesis

Fig. 1 from : Eirini Maniou et al. 2024 “Quantifying mechanical forces during vertebrate morphogenesis”: The i3D bioprinting with accurately determined position, geometry and stiffness. a, Schematic of a chicken embryo illustrating the experimental workflow: 2–3 µl i3D polymer is pipetted directly onto the rhombocervical neuropore (RNP) and photo-crosslinked with a two-photon laser. The iMeSH structures are shown in green throughout. b, Stereoscope image of an embryo with a star shape photo- crosslinked on the flat neural plate. Scale bars, 200 µm. The star dimensions are indicated in the inset. c, Schematic showing iMeSH compression by apposition of the neural folds. d, Time-lapse images showing the sequential displacement of a rigid iMeSH shape, shown as a 3D confocal reconstruction superimposed on the embryo imaged with transmitted light. Cyan shading, open neural tube; *, zippering point; arrow indicates rotation of the printed shape; scale bar, 50 µm. The times are shown. e, Fire lookup table showing the autofluorescence of iMeSH photo-crosslinked with the indicated laser powers on the same embryo. Scale bar, 25 µm. f, Schematic illustration of AFM stiffness testing of an iMeSH shape; 3D reconstructions of the shape are shown superimposed on a dorsal and transverse schematic of the embryo. Scale bar, 100 µm. g, AFM quantification of iMeSH crosslinked on an embryo at the indicated laser powers. The values were calculated from AFM indentations performed at a rate of 0.5 μm s–1 and depths of 1 μm (30% 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (HCC) polyethylene glycol (PEG)) or 2 μm (15% PEG). The force–displacement curves were acquired using NANOSENSORS™ PointProbe® Plus PPP-CONTSCR silicon AFM probes with a typical spring constant of 0.2 N/m.

Morphogenesis requires embryonic cells to generate forces and perform mechanical work to shape their tissues. Incorrect functioning of these force fields can lead to congenital… Read More »Quantifying mechanical forces during vertebrate morphogenesis

Lipoplex-Functionalized Thin-Film Surface Coating Based on Extracellular Matrix Components as Local Gene Delivery System to Control Osteogenic Stem Cell Differentiation

Figure 5 from Catharina Husteden et al. 2023 “Lipoplex-Functionalized Thin-Film Surface Coating Based on Extracellular Matrix Components as Local Gene Delivery System to Control Osteogenic Stem Cell Differentiation”: A–D) Topography images [Cs/Col]4Cs (A), [Cs/Col]4Cs/LPX (B), [Cs/Col]4Cs/LPX/Cs (C), and [Cs/Col]4Cs/LPX/Cs/Col determined by AFM [Scale bar 1 µm] (D). E) Distribution curves of Young's modulus (E0) with a force map of a defined area (see also Figure S4, Supporting Information of the cited article). NANOSENSORSTM uniqprobe triangular qp-BioT AFM probes were used for the quantitative imaging to investigate the surface roughness and topography (in a standard liquid cell of a commercially available atomic force microscope) and force mapping. The uniqprobe qp-BioT AFM probe types offer an alternative to silicon nitride probes, with the advantage of taller AFM tips with smaller opening angles and reduced thermal drift.

The development of smart multifunctional biomaterials with the ability to control the behavior of stem cells on demand has become a powerful strategy in regenerative… Read More »Lipoplex-Functionalized Thin-Film Surface Coating Based on Extracellular Matrix Components as Local Gene Delivery System to Control Osteogenic Stem Cell Differentiation